Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de grãos e a estabilidade de genótipos de feijão, além da representatividade e da discriminância de locais em ensaios multiambientes, por meio de análises GGE biplot. O rendimento de grãos de 27 genótipos foi avaliado em 16 ensaios, realizados em nove locais do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, na primeira e na segunda safras de 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Como os testes não foram realizados em todos os locais nem em todas as estações de cultivo de ambos os anos, um conjunto de dados altamente desbalanceado foi usado. O genótipo 5 (CHC 01-175-1) foi o mais produtivo e estável, e pode ser considerado o mais próximo ao ideal para a região-alvo. Além disso, esse genótipo apresentou desempenho satisfatório tanto para a primeira quanto para a segunda safras, tendo superado o desempenho de todas as testemunhas utilizadas nos ensaios; portanto, esse genótipo tem potencial para ser lançado como uma nova cultivar. Chapecó pode ser considerado o local ideal de seleção de genótipos de feijão, no estado de Santa Catarina, pois apresenta elevada discriminância e representavidade, tanto para primeira quanto para a segunda safra.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the grain yield and stability of common bean genotypes, as well as the representativeness and discrimination ability of locations in multi-environment trials (METs), using the GGE biplot analysis. The grain yield of 27 genotypes was evaluated in 16 trials carried out in nine locations, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the first and second crop seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. As the trials were neither conducted in all locations, nor in all growing seasons of both years, a highly unbalanced dataset was used. Genotype 5 (CHC 01-175-1) was the most productive and stable, common bean genotype and can be considered the closest one to the ideal for the target region. Furthermore, this genotype performs well in both crop seasons, outperforming all the evaluated checks; therefore, it has the potential to be released as a new cultivar. Chapecó can be considered the ideal location for the selection of common bean genotypes, in the state of Santa Catarina, since it shows high representativeness and discrimination ability in the rainy and dry crop seasons.

ABSTRACT. The present work has aimed to assess the consideration of the appropriate variation sources of the statistical model and their impacts on the conclusions plant breeding. The Value for Cultivation and Use test was conducted to assess three common locations (Lages, Ponte Serrada, and Canoinhas) and four non-common locations (Chapecó, Guatambu, Urussanga, and Campos Novos). The grain yields of six bean genotypes were evaluated in order to represent the imbalance between the common and non-common locations. The statistical analysis considered two situations: i) union of the location factors and cultivation years, with a single variation source called environment and ii) decomposition of the mean square values of the two factors, location and year. According to the simplified analysis (environmental variation source), the F test for the genotype factor was highly significant (p = 0.0006). On the other hand, the hypothesis test for the genotype factor was not significant (p = 0.7370) when the decomposition of mean squares was used. The simplified analysis presents some erroneous points, such as the use of a mean residue to test the hypothesis of the genotype factor, since this factor is composed of several sources of variation, and there is no exact F test. However, approximate F tests can be obtained by constructing linear combinations of average squares. This fact notes the relevance of considering the appropriate sources of variation within the statistical model, with a direct impact on the conclusions and recommendations of cultivars with superior performance.

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desempenho de genótipos elite de trigo de diferentes programas de melhoramento do Brasil, para caracteres associados à produtividade de grãos e à germinação na pré-colheita. O estudo foi conduzido em 2010 e 2011 no Município de Capão do Leão, RS, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliados 33 genótipos de trigo quanto aos caracteres relacionados à germinação em pré-colheita e ao rendimento de grãos. A estimativa da distância genética foi utilizada para predizer combinações potenciais na seleção de plantas com alta produtividade de grãos e tolerância à germinação na pré-colheita. A análise combinada de grãos germinados e número de queda mostra que os genótipos TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino e BRS Guamirim apresentam tolerância à germinação em pré-colheita. As combinações de TBIO Alvorada e TBIO Mestre com Fundacep Cristalino mostram alto potencial na recuperação de genótipos superiores para elevada produtividade de grãos e tolerância à germinação em pré-colheita.

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.